The OECD’s Higher Education P rogramme (IMHE) launched a project in April 2011 , entitled Managing Internationalisation , to explore the interwoven relation ship s between the internationalisation strategies of government s and higher education institutions so as to help them face the range of challenges associated with internationalisation. The project was based on existing research and buil t on the accumulated knowledge and experience of volunteer members of the OECD Higher Education Programme . A series of online focus groups w ere held over 2011 and 2012 to share perspectives across institutions, governments and international organisations. T he findings of the se focus groups were examined at two international conferences held at Lund University in December 2011 and at the State University of New York in April 2012 . In addition, t he project took into account activities of other international as sociations , such as the European Association for International Education (EAIE), the Institute for International Education (IIE) , the International Asso ciation of Universities (IAU), t he Observatory of Borderless Education (OBE) , and the World Bank.